fs: abort in-flight stat operations

[mertcanaltin]

Follow-up to #57775. The signal option only honored the pre-aborted case (#57775 (comment) by @Renegade334). This wires the signal as an abort listener so fs.stat callbacks reject with AbortError when the signal fires mid-request.

Refs: #57775

[bakkot]

Drive-by: this looks like it's still not actually canceling the underlying call, which would involve invoking uv_cancel somewhere.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 90.03%. Comparing base (1fd4949) to head (8149c79).

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main   #63142   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   90.03%   90.03%           
=======================================
  Files         713      713           
  Lines      224699   224720   +21     
  Branches    42473    42490   +17     
=======================================
+ Hits       202310   202334   +24     
+ Misses      14179    14172    -7     
- Partials     8210     8214    +4     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
lib/fs.js	98.21% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	⬆️

... and 32 files with indirect coverage changes

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